Here is a link to some info to some info from UofI including lists of what trees, grapes, blackberries, etc. grow well in high country deserts.
Here is some info I got from a friend on some perhaps less traditional options:
The elderberries grow well, but they need to be watered about as much as your grass, they are supposed to be medicinal as far as antiviral stuff goes.
These are some of the edible plants they say we can grow around here. I put the link to burnt ridge nursery under the plant and then the link to wikipedia because it tells a lot about each plant.
elderberry
http://www.burntridgenursery. com/fruitingPlants/index_ product.asp?dept=41&parent=28
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Sambucus_nigra
sea berry
http://www.burntridgenursery. com/fruitingPlants/index_ product.asp?dept=43&parent=28
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Hippophae_rhamnoides
goji berry or wolf berry
http://www.burntridgenursery. com/fruitingPlants/index_ product.asp?dept=36&parent=28
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Lycium_barbarum
serviceberry or saskatoon blueberry - will grow well in alkaline soil
http://www.burntridgenursery. com/fruitingPlants/index_ product.asp?dept=35&parent=28
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Amelanchier_alnifolia
elderberry
http://www.burntridgenursery.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
sea berry
http://www.burntridgenursery.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
goji berry or wolf berry
http://www.burntridgenursery.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
serviceberry or saskatoon blueberry - will grow well in alkaline soil
http://www.burntridgenursery.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Good Luck!!!
Ben